| Matter of Magana v Santos |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 01394 [70 AD3d 1208] |
| February 18, 2010 |
| Appellate Division, Third Department |
| In the Matter of Saphora Magana, Appellant, v Gloria Santos et al.,Respondents. |
—[*1] Stuart L. Borrero, Kingston, for Gloria Santos, respondent. Jeffrey Provenzano, Kingston, for Jose M. Santos II, respondent. Jason M. Lesko, Law Guardian, Woodstock.
Mercure, J.P. Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Ulster County (McGinty, J.),entered September 24, 2008, which, among other things, dismissed petitioner's application, in aproceeding pursuant to Family Ct Act article 6, to modify a prior order of custody.
Petitioner (hereinafter the mother) and respondent Jose M. Santos II (hereinafter the father)are the parents of two children, born in 1995 and 1996. The children began residing with theirpaternal grandmother, respondent Gloria Santos, in March 2005. Later that year, Family Court,Kings County awarded sole custody of the children to the grandmother upon the father's consentand the mother's default. The mother commenced this modification proceeding in August 2007in Family Court, Ulster County and, while she conceded that the children should remain with thegrandmother, sought joint legal custody and visitation. A temporary order was issued directingthat the mother have specified visitation with the children and, following a hearing, Family Courtdetermined that extraordinary circumstances existed and granted the grandmother sole custodyof the children, with the mother to have visitation and telephone contact. The mother appeals,and we affirm.[*2]
As the mother's right to custody of her children issuperior to that of the grandmother, she may not be deprived of that custody in the absence ofextraordinary circumstances such as "surrender, abandonment, persisting neglect, unfitness or"the like (Matter of Bennett v Jeffreys, 40 NY2d 543, 544 [1976]; see Matter of Mercado v Mercado, 64AD3d 951, 952 [2009]). Family Court was obliged to determine if such extraordinarycircumstances existed here, as the 2005 order made no findings in that regard (see Matter ofMercado v Mercado, 64 AD3d at 952; Matter of McDevitt v Stimpson, 281 AD2d860, 861 [2001]). As is relevant here, extraordinary circumstances may be present where anextended disruption of custody has occurred, such as "a prolonged separation of the. . . parent and the child for at least twenty-four continuous months during whichthe parent voluntarily relinquished care and control of the child and the child resided" with his orher grandparents (Domestic Relations Law § 72 [2] [b]; see Matter of Carton v Grimm, 51AD3d 1111, 1112 n [2008], lv denied 10 NY3d 716 [2008]). A further assessment isalso made of the length of time the children have resided with the grandmother, the quality oftheir relationship and the amount of time during which the mother allowed the grandmother'scustody to continue without attempting to reassert her parental role (see Matter of Coonradt v Aussicker,66 AD3d 1143, 1143-1144 [2009]; Matter of Gale v Gray, 39 AD3d 903, 905 [2007]).
Here, the children had resided with the grandmother for over two years prior to the filing ofthe modification petition. During that time, the mother made no effort to obtain custody of thechildren or assist the grandmother in making decisions for them and, indeed, admitted that shehad minimal contact with them. In contrast, the record establishes that the grandmother hasestablished a bond with the children and has provided for their "physical, medical, financial,educational and psychological needs" with little assistance from the mother (Matter of Cartonv Grimm, 51 AD3d at 1113). According deference to Family Court's credibilitydeterminations, we conclude that its finding of extraordinary circumstances is supported by asound and substantial basis in the record and should not be disturbed (see Matter of Bohigian v Johnson, 48AD3d 904, 905-906 [2008]; cf. Matter of Gale v Gray, 39 AD3d at 904-905).
Having found extraordinary circumstances, Family Court was thus obliged to furtherdetermine what custodial arrangement would be in the children's best interests (see Matter of VanDee v Bean, 66AD3d 1253, 1254-1255 [2009]; Matter of Mercado v Mercado, 64 AD3d at952).[FN*]The mother does not dispute, and we agree, that the best interests of the children will be served ifthey continue to reside with the grandmother; instead, the issue is whether the mother should begranted joint legal custody and/or overnight visitation. As noted above, the mother's involvementwith the children has been extremely limited for several years. The mother's parenting skills arealso open to question for a variety of reasons, such as indications that she failed to adequatelycare for the children while they were in her custody and her lack of insight [*3]into why their maternal grandfather—who either threatenedto or did leave the younger child in an alleyway as "a joke" and sexually abused the mother as achild—should not be in the children's presence. Moreover, she admitted that she did notwant the children to have unsupervised visitation with their father, even though she had not seenhim in 12 years and did not request in her petition that such visitation be limited. Thesecircumstances provide a sound and substantial basis for Family Court's determination thatlimited visitation and regular telephone access, rather than a broader award of joint legal custodyor overnight visitation, serve the children's best interests.
Spain, Malone Jr., Stein and Garry, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order is affirmed, withoutcosts.
Footnote *: Given the demonstration ofextraordinary circumstances, the mother was obliged to demonstrate a material change ofcircumstances that would warrant modifying the custody order already in place (see Matter of Howard v McLoughlin,64 AD3d 1147, 1148 [2009]; Matter of Olds v Binyard, 64 AD3d 658, 659 [2009]). While it isquestionable as to whether such a material change in circumstances occurred, none of the partiesraises this issue. We will accordingly assume that such a showing was made and reach the bestinterests issue.