| People v Shamsuddin |
| 2018 NY Slip Op 08974 [167 AD3d 1334] |
| December 27, 2018 |
| Appellate Division, Third Department |
[*1]
| The People of the State of New York,Respondent, v Latif Shamsuddin, Appellant. |
Hug Law, PLLC, Albany (Matthew C. Hug of counsel), for appellant.
P. David Soares, District Attorney, Albany (Vincent Stark of counsel), for respondent.
Egan Jr., J. Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Albany County (Carter, J.),rendered September 1, 2017, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crime of burglary in thesecond degree.
In September 2016, defendant was charged in an indictment with burglary in the seconddegree after he entered a guest room at the Hilton Hotel in the City of Albany and stole a guitar.Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted as charged and was thereafter sentenced, as asecond felony offender, to a prison term of 11 years to be followed by five years of postreleasesupervision. Defendant now appeals.
Defendant initially contends that the verdict was not supported by legally sufficient evidenceand was against the weight of the evidence. Specifically, defendant argues that the People failedto establish that he had the requisite intent to commit a crime at the time that he entered thevictim's hotel room. When reviewing a legal sufficiency claim, "we must determine whether theevidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the People, could lead a rational trier of fact toconclude that each and every element of the charged crime had been proven beyond a reasonabledoubt" (People v Pierce, 106 AD3d1198, 1199 [2013]; see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]). As relevanthere, "[a] person is guilty of burglary in the second degree when he [or she] knowingly enters. . . unlawfully [a dwelling] with intent to commit a crime therein" (Penal Law§ 140.25 [2]).[FN*] Notably, a defendant's "[i]ntent may be inferredfrom the circumstances of [his or her] unlawful entry, unexplained presence on the premises, andactions and statements when confronted by police or the property owner" (People v Briggs, 129 AD3d 1201,1203 [2015], lv denied 26 NY3d 1038 [2015]; see People v Jackson, 151 AD3d 1466, 1467-1468 [2017], lvdenied 30 NY3d 950 [2017]; Peoplev Peterson, 118 AD3d 1151, 1152 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 1087 [2014]).
The evidence introduced at trial established that, on August 15, 2016, defendant, thenhomeless, estranged from his spouse and using crack cocaine, walked into the Hilton Hotel andtook an elevator to the fourth floor. After finding the door to room 410 ajar, defendant entered,only to encounter a member of the hotel's housekeeping staff cleaning the room. After explainingto the housekeeper that he needed to use the bathroom, the housekeeper indicated that he couldand left. While inside the room, defendant spotted a Gibson guitar belonging to the room'soccupant, picked it up and left the hotel. Defendant walked to a nearby tattoo shop and sold theguitar to an employee for $45. Later that day, the buyer grew suspicious that the purchase was"too good to be true" and went to visit a friend who owned a guitar shop. After being advised thatthe instrument was a genuine Gibson guitar worth at least $1,500, the buyer contacted the police.Defendant was thereafter arrested.
Defendant, who testified at trial, readily admits that he stole the guitar in question, butcontends that he is not guilty of the crime of burglary in the second degree because his decisionto steal the guitar was not made until after he had entered room 410. According to him, heentered the hotel, not with the intent to steal but hoping to encounter his estranged wife, whoworked in an adjoining office building. According to defendant, he stepped into the elevatorintending to go down, but another occupant had already pushed the button to go up, so heremained on the elevator and got off with everyone else on the fourth floor. He then realized heneeded to use the bathroom, saw a guest room with an open door and asked the housekeeper inthat room if he could use the room's bathroom; after he did, he saw the guitar as he was leavingand, on the spur of the moment, decided to steal it. According to defendant, his intent to stealformed only after his entry into room 410 and, therefore, he cannot be guilty of burglary in thesecond degree.
Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the People, we find that there was legallysufficient evidence presented from which a rational jury could infer, beyond a reasonable doubt,that defendant entered the subject hotel room with the requisite intent to commit a crime (seePeople v Castillo, 47 NY2d 270, 277-278 [1979]; People v Gilligan, 42 NY2d 969,969 [1977]; People v Carter, 50AD3d 1318, 1320 [2008], lv denied 10 NY3d 957 [2008]). Moreover, although adifferent verdict would not have been unreasonable, viewing the evidence in a neutral light, andgiving deference to the jury's interpretation of the evidence and the rational inferences to bedrawn therefrom, we are satisfied that defendant's conviction was not against the weight of theevidence (see People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495; People v Mesko, 150 AD3d 1412, 1413-1414 [2017], lvdenied 29 NY3d 1131 [2017]; People v Judware, 75 AD3d 841, 845 [2010], lv denied 15NY3d 853 [2010]; People vThornton, 4 AD3d 561, 563 [2004], lv denied 2 NY3d 808 [2004]).
We find unpersuasive defendant's contention that he was deprived of a fair trial as a result ofcertain comments made by the prosecutor during summation. "In determining whether a reversalis warranted on this ground, we must assess the severity and frequency of the conduct, whetherthe trial court took appropriate action to dilute the effect of the conduct and whether, from areview of the evidence, it can be said that the result would have been the same absent suchconduct" (People v Hartle, 159AD3d 1149, 1153 [2018] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted], lv denied31 NY3d 1082 [2018]). Notably, "not every improper comment made by the prosecuting attorneyduring the course of closing arguments warrants reversal of the underlying conviction" (People v Forbes, 111 AD3d 1154,1160 [2013]). Here, although the prosecutor made certain comments during his summationregarding defendant's failure to provide corroboration of the fact that his wife actually worked inthe building adjacent to the Hilton Hotel, said comments did not serve to shift the burden ofproof (see People v Tout-Puissant,155 AD3d 654, 655 [2017], lv denied 30 NY3d 1120 [2018]; People v Gaston, 135 AD3d 575,576 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 929 [2016]; People v Youmans, 292 AD2d 647,648 [2002], lv denied 98 NY2d 704 [2002]). The remaining allegedly impropercomments by the prosecutor were either sustained by County Court, constituted a fair commenton the evidence or were otherwise responsive to defense counsel's summation, questioning thecredibility of the People's witnesses (seePeople v Williams, 163 AD3d 1160, 1165 [2018]; People v Harris, 162 AD3d 1240, 1243 [2018], lv denied 32NY3d 937 [2018]), such that "the record as a whole fails to disclose that the prosecutor engagedin a flagrant and pervasive pattern of prosecutorial misconduct so as to deprive defendant of afair trial" (People v Devictor-Lopez,155 AD3d 1434, 1437 [2017] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). Moreover,County Court subsequently instructed the jury that the People maintained the burden ofestablishing defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Given the overwhelming proof ofdefendant's guilt, the cumulative effect of the challenged comments was not so prejudicial as todeny defendant his fundamental right to a fair trial, and we cannot say that the jury would nothave convicted defendant but for the prosecutor's comments (see People v Harris, 162AD3d at 1243; People v Ressy, 141AD3d 839, 843 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 1030 [2016]; People v Robinson, 16 AD3d 768,770 [2005], lv denied 4 NY3d 856 [2005]; compare People v Rupnarine, 140 AD3d 1204, 1205 [2016]; People v Casanova, 119 AD3d976, 977-979 [2014]).
Lastly, although cognizant of defendant's apparent substance abuse issues, we note thatCounty Court expressly took this factor into consideration in electing not to mete out themaximum sentence allowable by law. Moreover, given defendant's lengthy criminal history,which includes, among other offenses, four prior burglary convictions, we find no abuse ofdiscretion or extraordinary circumstances that warrant a reduction of defendant's sentence in theinterest of justice (see People vCole, 162 AD3d 1219, 1224 [2018], lv denied 32 NY3d 1002 [2018]; People v Williams, 156 AD3d1224, 1231 [2017], lv denied 31 NY3d 1018 [2018]).
Garry, P.J., McCarthy, Devine and Clark, JJ., concur. Ordered that the judgment isaffirmed.
Footnote *:The manner in which the subjectindictment was drafted specifically limited the allegation of burglary in the second degree towhether defendant "knowingly enter[ed] unlawfully" room 410 of the subject hotel.