| People v Erb |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 01168 [70 AD3d 1380] |
| February 11, 2010 |
| Appellate Division, Fourth Department |
| The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v Carl D. Erb,Jr., Appellant. |
—[*1] R. Michael Tantillo, District Attorney, Canandaigua, for respondent.
Appeal from a judgment of the Ontario County Court (William F. Kocher, J.), rendered July25, 2008. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of criminally negligenthomicide.
It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law,the indictment is dismissed, and the matter is remitted to Ontario County Court for proceedingspursuant to CPL 470.45.
Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of criminallynegligent homicide (Penal Law § 125.10), defendant contends that the evidence is legallyinsufficient to support the conviction. We agree. The evidence establishes that defendant and thevictim, whom he first met on the day she died, used cocaine throughout that day. Whiledefendant was driving the victim to her mother's home in a trailer park, he observed her injectherself with heroin, which she had obtained without his assistance. Upon arriving at the trailerpark, defendant was unable to wake the victim in order to ascertain her mother's address withinthe trailer park, at which time he removed her from his vehicle and left her on a lawn inside thetrailer park. Although the victim was breathing and making noises at the time defendant left herthere, she was found unconscious several hours later and died within a short time after beinghospitalized.
Defendant was acquitted of manslaughter in the second degree (Penal Law § 125.15[1]) but convicted of the lesser included offense of criminally negligent homicide. "The questionon this appeal is therefore whether, when viewed in the light most favorable to the People, theevidence adduced at trial showed that [defendant's] conduct constituted 'not only a failure toperceive a risk of death, but also some serious blameworthiness in the conduct that caused it'. . . Measured by this standard, the evidence falls short" (People v Cabrera, 10 NY3d 370,378 [2008], quoting People v Boutin, 75 NY2d 692, 696 [1990]). We agree withdefendant that the evidence failed to establish that his acts in any way caused the death of thevictim. Defendant did not procure or inject the drugs that caused the death of the victim, nor didhe place her in a location that made her less likely to obtain medical assistance. There is noevidence that removing the victim from the vehicle or leaving her outside contributed to herdeath. Consequently, "defendant's actions were not a 'sufficiently direct cause' of [thevictim's] death to warrant the imposition of criminal liability" (People v Bianco, 67 AD3d 1417,1419 [2009], quoting [*2]People v Kibbe, 35 NY2d 407,413 [1974]).
Further, although "[t]he Penal Law provides that criminal liability may be based on anomission . . . , which is defined as the failure to perform a legally imposed duty"(People v Steinberg, 79 NY2d 673, 680 [1992]; see Penal Law § 15.00 [3];§ 15.05), no such omission occurred here. "Criminal liability cannot be premised on afailure to act . . . , unless the party so charged has a legal duty to act" (People vMyers, 201 AD2d 855, 856 [1994]; see People v Carroll, 244 AD2d 104, 106[1998], affd 93 NY2d 564 [1999]). Inasmuch as the People do not contend that defendanthad any duty to provide care for the victim and, indeed, they presented no evidence of such aduty (see Myers, 201 AD2d 855, 856-857 [1994]; cf. People v Manon, 226AD2d 774, 776 [1996], lv denied 88 NY2d 1022 [1996]), there is no basis upon which tofind defendant liable for a failure to act. We therefore reverse the judgment of conviction,dismiss the indictment, and remit the matter to County Court for proceedings pursuant to CPL470.45.
We need not review defendant's remaining contentions in light of our determination.Present—Smith, J.P., Carni, Pine and Gorski, JJ.