| People v Umana |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 06820 [76 AD3d 1111] |
| September 28, 2010 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| The People of the State of New York,Respondent, v Jacinto Umana, Appellant. |
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Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the County Court, Suffolk County (J. Doyle, J.),rendered June 3, 2008, convicting him of assault in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, andimposing sentence.
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People vContes, 60 NY2d 620, 621 [1983]), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish thedefendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, in fulfilling our responsibility to conductan independent review of the weight of the evidence (see CPL 470.15 [5]; People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342,348-349 [2007]), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jury's opportunity to view thewitnesses, hear the testimony, and observe demeanor (see People v Mateo, 2 NY3d 383,410 [2004], cert denied 542 US 946 [2004]; People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490,495 [1987]). Upon reviewing the record here, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt was notagainst the weight of the evidence (seePeople v Romero, 7 NY3d 633 [2006]).
Contrary to the defendant's contention, there was a sufficient factual predicate to support ajury instruction regarding flight as evidence of consciousness of guilt (see People v Robinson, 10 AD3d696 [2004]; People v Applewhite, 298 AD2d 136 [2002]; People v Di Bella,277 AD2d 699 [2000]; People v Wady, 220 AD2d 631 [1995]; People v Jamison,173 AD2d 341 [1991]), and the trial court's charge did not have the effect of improperlysupplanting the fact-finding function of the jury on the issue of identification (see People vApplewhite, 298 AD2d 136 [2002]; People v Green, 161 AD2d 248 [1990]).
The defendant's contention that the People were improperly permitted to elicit testimony asto a statement made by the defendant without serving notice of their intention to do so prior totrial pursuant to CPL 710.30 is without merit. Notice was not required because the defendant'sstatement in Spanish was made in response to a question posed by one of his coworkers at thetime of arrest, and was merely overheard by a law enforcement official who, unbeknownst to thedefendant, also spoke Spanish (see People v Murphy, 163 AD2d 425 [1990]; People vCortese, 136 AD2d 724 [1988]; see also People v Shurka, 191 AD2d 724, 726[1993]; People v Stewart, 160 AD2d 966 [1990]; People v Robertson, 149 AD2d442 [1989]).
"The nature and extent of cross-examination is subject to the sound discretion of the Trial[*2]Judge" (People v Schwartzman, 24 NY2d 241, 244[1969], cert denied 396 US 846 [1969]; see People v Salgado, 70 AD3d 864 [2010]). Here, contrary to thedefendant's contention, defense counsel's cross-examination of the People's witness RobertoSorto was not improperly curtailed or restricted (see People v Miller, 91 NY2d 372, 380[1998]; People v Rodriguez, 38 NY2d 95, 101 [1975]).
To preserve a claim that the trial court improperly denied a "for cause" challenge to aprospective juror, a defendant must exhaust all of his peremptory challenges, even thosemistakenly awarded by the court, before the selection of the jury is complete (CPL 270.20 [2];see People v Lynch, 95 NY2d 243, 248 [2000]). Here, the defendant failed to exhaust allof his peremptory challenges, and, accordingly, the argument is unpreserved for appellate review(see CPL 270.25 [2] [c]). In any event, the trial court properly declined to excuse aprospective juror for cause, as the juror indicated that she would be able to follow the law asprovided by the court (see People vHerring, 14 AD3d 623 [2005]; People v Narvaez, 298 AD2d 603 [2002];People v Chronis, 282 AD2d 687, 687-688 [2001]; People v Rudolph, 266 AD2d568, 568-569 [1999]). Furthermore, the defendant's contention that the trial court's sua spontepre-voir dire excusal of those prospective jurors who were uncertain of their ability to serve fairlywas prejudicial is unpreserved for appellate review (see People v Wynder, 41 AD3d 209 [2007]; People v McGhee, 4 AD3d 485,486 [2004]; People v Boozer, 298 AD2d 261 [2002]). In any event, this procedure was aproper exercise of the trial court's discretion (see People v Anderson, 48 AD3d 825, 826 [2008]; People v Wynder, 41 AD3d 209[2007]; People v McGhee, 4 AD3d at 486; People v Boozer, 298 AD2d 261[2002]).
The sentence imposed was not excessive (see People v Suitte, 90 AD2d 80, 86[1982]).
The defendant's remaining contention is without merit. Covello, J.P., Santucci, Balkin andAustin, JJ., concur.