| People v Borrero |
| 2010 NY Slip Op 09147 [79 AD3d 767] |
| December 7, 2010 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v JoseBorrero, Appellant. |
—[*1] Charles J. Hynes, District Attorney, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Leonard Joblove, Sholamit RosenblumNemec, and Olga Lysenko of counsel), for respondent.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Parker, J.),rendered May 29, 2008, convicting him of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree, upona jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
Testimony elicited at trial regarding street gangs and the defendant's alleged affiliation with the"Bloods" gang was relevant to motive and intent, and explained the relationships between the parties(see People v Jordan, 74 AD3d986 [2010]; People v Ramirez, 23AD3d 500, 501 [2005]; People v Newby, 291 AD2d 460 [2002]; People vHerrera, 287 AD2d 579 [2001]). Thus, the Supreme Court providently exercised its discretion inadmitting such evidence, since its probative value outweighed any prejudice to the defendant (seePeople v Jordan, 74 AD3d at 986; People v Flores, 46 AD3d 570, 571 [2007]; People v Newby,291 AD2d at 460). Moreover, the Supreme Court alleviated any prejudice to the defendant byproviding appropriate limiting instructions (see People v Ramirez, 23 AD3d at 501; Peoplev Newby, 291 AD2d at 460).
Under the circumstances, any error in admitting opinion testimony from lay witnesses was harmless,as there was overwhelming evidence of the defendant's guilt and no significant probability that the errorcontributed to his conviction (see People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230 [1975]).
The defendant's challenge to a portion of the testimony of the sister of one of the victims on hearsaygrounds is unpreserved for appellate review (see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Gonzalez,55 NY2d 720, 722 [1981], cert denied 456 US 1010 [1982]). In any event, any error inadmitting the challenged testimony was harmless, as there was overwhelming evidence of thedefendant's guilt and no reasonable possibility that the alleged error might have contributed to thedefendant's conviction (see People v Crimmins, 36 NY2d 230 [1975]).[*2]
Contrary to the defendant's contention, the Peopledemonstrated "that the witness' whereabouts are unknown and that diligent efforts to locate him havebeen unsuccessful" (People v Gonzalez, 68 NY2d 424, 428 [1986]). Accordingly, theSupreme Court properly refused to give a missing witness charge "for the inference that the witness hasnot been called because of his anticipated unfavorable testimony has been negated" (People vGonzalez, 68 NY2d at 428). Mastro, J.P., Florio, Leventhal and Sgroi, JJ., concur.