| Mayer v Hoang |
| 2011 NY Slip Op 03391 [83 AD3d 1516] |
| April 29, 2011 |
| Appellate Division, Fourth Department |
| William J. Mayer et al., Appellants, v Henry Hoang,Individually and Doing Business as Henry's Nails, Respondent. |
—[*1] Cohen & Lombardo, P.C., Buffalo (Jonathan D. Cox of counsel), fordefendant-respondent.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Erie County (Diane Y. Devlin, J.), enteredOctober 25, 2010 in a personal injury action. The order, insofar as appealed from, granted themotion of defendant to compel plaintiffs to provide a supplemental bill of particulars and tocompel a return deposition of plaintiff William J. Mayer.
It is hereby ordered that the order so appealed from is unanimously modified as a matter ofdiscretion and on the law by denying defendant's motion with respect to a return deposition ofplaintiff in part, vacating the third ordering paragraph and substituting therefor a directive thatplaintiff submit to a further deposition that is limited to questions concerning the June 2007motor vehicle accident and relevant questions deriving therefrom, in accordance with 22 NYCRR221.2, and as modified the order is affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this Labor Law and common-law negligence actionseeking damages for injuries allegedly sustained by William J. Mayer (plaintiff) when he fellfrom a ladder while removing a light fixture from the exterior of Henry's Nails, a business ownedby defendant. Contrary to plaintiffs' contention, we conclude that Supreme Court did not abuseits discretion in granting that part of defendant's motion seeking to compel plaintiffs to serve asupplemental bill of particulars that included wage loss calculations to be verified by plaintiff,subject to preclusion of a claim for any such damages in the event of plaintiffs' failure to complywith that part of defendant's motion (see CPLR 3042 [d]).
We recognize that " '[t]he purpose of a bill of particulars is to amplify the pleadings, limitproof, and prevent surprise at trial; it is not an evidence-gathering device' " (Khoury v Chouchani, 27 AD3d1071, 1072 [2006]). Nevertheless, we conclude that plaintiffs failed to provide an adequateresponse to defendant's demand for information concerning plaintiff's "time lost and loss ofincome sustained." In their bill of particulars, plaintiffs' response thereto was that the totalamount of lost earnings was "unknown at the present time and will be supplemented in thefuture." Plaintiffs thereafter produced a computer printout that purported to show plaintiff'searnings from the year 2000 through the year 2008, when the accident occurred. After plaintiff's[*2]deposition and in response to a follow-up letter fromdefendant, plaintiffs refused to provide any additional information concerning lost earnings,stating merely that the bill of particulars would be supplemented "in accordance with therequirements of the CPLR." The record reflects, however, that plaintiffs had more than sufficienttime to provide a calculation of plaintiff's lost wages, particularly in light of the fact that plaintiffhad already returned to his "normal amount of activities" at the time of his deposition in 2010,and the fact that correspondence from plaintiffs' attorney following plaintiff's deposition did notindicate that plaintiffs lacked any information needed to calculate lost wages (cf. Felock vAlbany Med. Ctr. Hosp., 258 AD2d 772, 774 [1999]). Moreover, defendant requestedinformation only and not evidentiary material or expert proof. We further conclude that the courtproperly ordered that the supplemental bill of particulars be verified by plaintiff inasmuch as therecord establishes that plaintiff's wife is not sufficiently "acquainted with the facts" within themeaning of CPLR 3020 (d).
Plaintiffs further contend that the court erred in granting that part of defendant's motionseeking to compel plaintiff to submit to a return deposition and "to answer all questions put tohim including any questions previously asked at the prior deposition as well as questionsregarding any of the issues inquired of by" defendant's attorney. Even assuming, arguendo, thatdefendant is correct that such part of the order is not appealable as of right (see Roggow vWalker, 303 AD2d 1003, 1003-1004 [2003]; Presti v Schalck, 26 AD2d 793 [1966];Brown v Golden, 6 AD2d 766 [1958]), we exercise our discretion to deem the notice ofappeal with respect to that part of the order to be an application pursuant to CPLR 5701 (c) forpermission to appeal, and we grant such permission (see Roggow, 303 AD2d at 1004).On the merits, we agree with plaintiffs that the court abused its discretion in imposing that broadrequirement. Defendant took issue with only five of the questions that plaintiff refused to answer,and defendant concedes in his brief on appeal that plaintiff essentially answered two of thosequestions, which concerned whether plaintiff smokes cigarettes. With respect to the remainingquestions, we conclude that plaintiff properly refused to answer questions concerning whetherdefendant supplied "any defective, unsafe or improper devices or materials which caused[plaintiff's] fall" or whether the work area appeared "to be unreasonably dangerous." It is wellsettled that a plaintiff at a deposition may not "be compelled to answer questions seeking legaland factual conclusions or questions asking him [or her] to draw inferences from the facts"(Lobdell v South Buffalo Ry. Co., 159 AD2d 958 [1990]; see Barber v BPS Venture, Inc., 31AD3d 897 [2006]). Plaintiff also properly refused to answer the question whether he had "acalculation as to any lost wages that [he] would claim as a result of this incident" inasmuch assuch question primarily seeks a legal conclusion (see generally Barber, 31 AD3d 897;Lobdell, 159 AD2d 958). Further, a review of plaintiff's deposition transcript reflects thatplaintiff properly answered all other fact-based questions concerning his lost wages (seeSchwartz v Marien, 40 AD2d 1078 [1972]).
We conclude, however, that the court properly granted that part of defendant's motionseeking to require plaintiff to answer questions concerning his June 2007 motor vehicle accident.At his deposition, plaintiff was directed by his attorney not to answer the question whether he"ever ma[de] a claim for bodily injury following a motor vehicle accident in June of 2007."Contrary to plaintiffs' contention, that question does not implicate the physician-patient privilegeinasmuch as it does not request information concerning doctor-patient communications ormedical diagnosis or treatment (see CPLR 4504 [a]; see generally Carter vFantauzzo, 256 AD2d 1189, 1190 [1998]). Further, plaintiff alleges that, as a result of thefall, he injured his back, hip, groin, pelvis, and elbow, areas that are commonly injured in motorvehicle accidents, and thus the question was reasonably calculated to lead to evidence that is"material and necessary" to the defense of the action (CPLR 3101 [a]; see generally Orlando v Richmond Precast,Inc., 53 AD3d 534 [2008];Rega v Avon Prods., Inc., 49 AD3d 329, 330 [2008]). We therefore modify the order bydenying defendant's motion with respect to a return deposition in part, vacating the third orderingparagraph and substituting therefor a directive that plaintiff submit to a further deposition that is[*3]limited to questions concerning the June 2007 motor vehicleaccident and relevant questions deriving therefrom, in accordance with 22 NYCRR 221.2.Present—Smith, J.P., Centra, Peradotto, Gorski and Martoche, JJ.