| Matter of U.S. Bancorp Equip. Fin., Inc. v Rubashkin |
| 2012 NY Slip Op 06221 [98 AD3d 1057] |
| September 19, 2012 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| In the Matter of U.S. Bancorp Equipment Finance, Inc.,Respondent, v Abraham A. Rubashkin et al., Respondents. |
—[*1] Cozen O'Connor, New York, N.Y. (Menachem J. Kastner, Jennifer Beltrami, and Jill L.Mandel of counsel), and Altman Schochet LLP, New York, N.Y. (Zalman Schochet and IrenaFulman of counsel), for appellant Hilgar Limited (one brief filed). Pryor Cashman LLP, New York, N.Y. (Michael H. Levison and Eric M. Fishman ofcounsel), for petitioner-respondent.
In a proceeding pursuant to CPLR 5225 and 5227, inter alia, to set aside allegedly fraudulentconveyances, (1) Abraham A. Rubashkin, Rivka Rubashkin, Joseph Rubashkin, Gutol Leiter,Rosie Sandman, A.A. Rubashkin & Sons, Inc., 452-53rd Street Realty Corp., 410 East 17thStreet, LLC, and 404 Realty Associates, LLC, appeal, as limited by their brief, from so much ofan order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Schack, J.), dated January 31, 2011, as grantedthose branches of the petition which were to void certain conveyances by Abraham A. Rubashkinof shares of corporate stock or "membership interests" in several corporations, to void aconveyance by Abraham A. Rubashkin of his interest in his house to Rivka Rubashkin, to void amortgage on that house, for an award of an attorney's fee against them pursuant to Debtor andCreditor Law § 276-a, and to enjoin them from encumbering related assets, and HilgarLimited separately appeals, as limited by its brief, from so much of the same order as granted thatbranch of the petition which was to void the subject mortgage, (2) Abraham A. Rubashkin, RivkaRubashkin, Joseph Rubashkin, Gutol Leiter, Rosie Sandman, A.A. Rubashkin & Sons, Inc.,452-53rd Street Realty Corp., 410 East 17th Street, LLC, and 404 Realty Associates, LLC,appeal, as limited by their brief, from so much of a judgment of the same court dated May 12,2011, as, upon the order, granted those branches of the petition which were to void certainconveyances by Abraham A. Rubashkin of shares of corporate stock or "membership interests" inseveral corporations, to void the conveyance by Abraham A. Rubashkin of his interest in hishouse to Rivka Rubashkin, to void the subject mortgage, for an award of an attorney's fee againstthem pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 276-a, and to [*2]enjoin them from encumbering related assets, and voided thoseconveyances and the subject mortgage, awarded the petitioner an attorney's fee in the sum of$55,000, and enjoined them from encumbering related assets, and Hilgar Limited separatelyappeals, as limited by its brief, from so much of the same judgment as, upon the order, grantedthose branches of the petition which were to void the subject mortgage and for an award of anattorney's fee against it pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 276-a, voided the subjectmortgage, and adjudged that it was jointly and severally liable to the petitioner for the payment ofthe attorney's fee in the sum of $55,000, and (3) the defendant Hilgar Limited appeals, as limitedby its brief, from so much of an order of the same court dated May 23, 2011, as denied thatbranch of its motion which was for leave to renew its opposition to the petition.
Ordered that the appeals from the order dated January 31, 2011, are dismissed; and it isfurther,
Ordered that the judgment is modified, on the law, by deleting the provisions thereofgranting those branches of the petition which were to void the subject mortgage and for an awardof an attorney's fee against Hilgar Limited pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 276-a,voiding the subject mortgage, and adjudging that Hilgar Limited was jointly and severally liablefor the payment of the attorney's fee in the sum of $55,000, and substituting therefor provisionsdenying those branches of the petition; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed insofar asappealed from, and the order dated January 31, 2011, is modified accordingly; and it is further,
Ordered that the appeal by Hilgar Limited from the order dated May 23, 2011, is dismissedas academic in light of our determination of the appeals from the judgment; and it is further,
Ordered that one bill of costs is awarded to Hilgar Limited, payable by the petitioner, and onebill of costs is awarded to the petitioner, payable by Abraham A. Rubashkin, Rivka Rubashkin,Joseph Rubashkin, Gutol Leiter, Rosie Sandman, A.A. Rubashkin & Sons, Inc., 452-53rd StreetRealty Corp., 410 East 17th Street, LLC, and 404 Realty Associates, LLC.
The appeals from the intermediate order dated January 31, 2011, must be dismissed becausethe right of direct appeal therefrom terminated with the entry of judgment in the action (seeMatter of Aho, 39 NY2d 241, 248 [1976]). The issues raised on the appeals from the orderdated January 31, 2011, are brought up for review and have been considered on the appeals fromthe judgment (see CPLR 5501 [a] [1]).
In 2004, nonparty Agriprocessors, Inc. (hereinafter Agriprocessors), entered into a masterlease agreement with the petitioner, U.S. Bancorp Equipment Finance, Inc., (hereinafterBancorp), under which Agriprocessors would lease from Bancorp several pieces of equipmentworth over $1,000,000. On May 20, 2004, the appellant Abraham A. Rubashkin (hereinafterAbraham Rubashkin), who was the sole shareholder of Agriprocessors, entered into a personalguaranty promising payment and performance under the master lease if Agriprocessors defaulted.
Between August 2007 and August 2008, Agriprocessors borrowed $2,750,000 from theappellant Hilgar Limited (hereinafter Hilgar). In August 2008, Agriprocessors and Hilgar enteredinto a note memorializing the loan. The loan was personally guaranteed by Abraham Rubashkinand his wife, the appellant Rivka Rubashkin, and was to be secured by a mortgage on thepersonal residence of Abraham Rubashkin and Rivka Rubashkin. In August 2008, AbrahamRubashkin and Rivka Rubashkin executed a mortgage on the residence in favor of Hilgar. Themortgage was duly recorded. In September 2008, Agriprocessors defaulted on its obligationsunder the master lease and Bancorp sought payment from Abraham Rubashkin personally,pursuant to the guaranty.
Despite written demand for payment by Bancorp, Abraham Rubashkin failed to satisfy hisobligations to Bancorp, and Bancorp commenced an action against him in the United StatesDistrict Court for the Eastern District of New York. In August 2009, Bancorp was awarded ajudgment against Abraham Rubashkin in the principal sum of $902,334.44.[*3]
Subsequently, Bancorp commenced this proceedingpursuant to CPLR 5225 and 5227 seeking, inter alia, to void certain conveyances by AbrahamRubashkin of shares of corporate stock or "membership interests" in several corporations, theconveyance by Abraham Rubashkin of his interest in his house to Rivka Rubashkin, and theallegedly fraudulent mortgage. It also sought an award of attorney's fees pursuant to Debtor andCreditor Law § 276-a. The Supreme Court, among other things, granted those branches ofthe petition which were to void the mortgage and for an award of attorney's fees and directed thatHilgar was jointly and severally liable for payment of an attorney's fee in the sum of $55,000.
Pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 276, "[e]very conveyance made and everyobligation incurred with actual intent, as distinguished from intent presumed in law, to hinder,delay, or defraud either present or future creditors, is fraudulent as to both present and futurecreditors." The burden of proof to establish actual fraud under Debtor and Creditor Law §276 is upon the creditor who seeks to have the conveyance set aside and the standard for suchproof is clear and convincing evidence (see Marine Midland Bank v Murkoff, 120 AD2d122, 126 [1986]).
A conveyance that renders the conveyor insolvent is fraudulent as to creditors without regardto actual intent, if the conveyance was made without fair consideration (see Debtor andCreditor Law § 273; Matter ofCIT Group/Commercial Servs., Inc. v 160-09 Jamaica Ave. Ltd. Partnership, 25 AD3d301, 302 [2006]; Matter of American Inv. Bank v Marine Midland Bank, 191 AD2d690, 691 [1993]). Also fraudulent are conveyances made without fair consideration when theconveyor "intends or believes that he will incur debts beyond his ability to pay as they mature"(Debtor and Creditor Law § 275; see Matter of CIT Group/Commercial Servs., Inc. v160-09 Jamaica Ave. Ltd. Partnership, 25 AD3d at 302).
Here, the Supreme Court erred in granting those branches of the petition which were to voidthe subject mortgage and for an award of an attorney's fee against Hilgar pursuant to Debtor andCreditor Law § 276-a. Bancorp failed to establish, by clear and convincing evidence, thatthe subject mortgage, executed by Abraham Rubashkin and Rivka Rubashkin in favor of Hilgar,was a fraudulent conveyance under either section 273 or section 275 of the Debtor and CreditorLaw. Bancorp failed to show that the mortgage was conveyed without fair consideration. Further,contrary to Bancorp's contention, Hilgar established that it was a bona fide encumbrancer bydemonstrating that it paid valuable consideration for the mortgage (see Debtor andCreditor Law § 272; Matter of American Inv. Bank v Marine Midland Bank, 191AD2d 690 [1993]), in good faith and without knowledge of the alleged fraud by Rubashkin(cf. Miner v Edwards, 221 AD2d 934 [1995]; Matter of Moon v Darrow, 30 Misc 3d 187, 192-193 [2010]).Therefore, the Supreme Court erred in granting that branch of Bancorp's petition which was tovoid the mortgage under Debtor and Creditor Law § 276.
Moreover, since Bancorp failed to establish actual intent to defraud pursuant to Debtor andCreditor Law § 276-a on the part of Hilgar, the Supreme Court erred in adjudging thatHilgar was jointly and severally liable for the payment of the attorney's fee in the sum of $55,000(see Debtor and Creditor Law § 276-a; Carey v Crescenzi, 923 F2d 18,21-22 [1991]; cf. Ford v Martino, 281 AD2d 587, 588 [2001]; Apple Bank for Sav. vContaratos, 204 AD2d 375 [1994]).
The appellants' remaining contentions are without merit. Rivera, J.P., Leventhal, Roman andCohen, JJ., concur. [Prior Case History: 30 Misc 3d 1216(A), 2011 NY Slip Op50100(U).]