| People v Peterson |
| 2012 NY Slip Op 06318 [98 AD3d 1137] |
| September 26, 2012 |
| Appellate Division, Second Department |
| The People of the State of New York,Respondent, v Raphael Peterson, Appellant. |
—[*1] Richard A. Brown, District Attorney, Kew Gardens, N.Y. (John M. Castellano, Ellen C.Abbot , and Jessica Zellner of counsel), for respondent.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Aloise, J.),rendered June 14, 2010, convicting him of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree,criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, and unlawful possession of marijuana, upona jury verdict, and imposing sentence.
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.
On June 6, 2008, the defendant was pulled over for driving a vehicle with a broken headlight.While asking for the defendant's driver's license, registration, and insurance card, a police officerobserved a small plastic bag of what appeared to be marijuana on the floor near the defendant'sfoot. The officer instructed the defendant and the two male passengers in the vehicle to step outof the car. Upon exiting the car, the defendant informed the officer that there was a firearm underthe front seat of the car. The officer returned to the car and found a loaded .357 revolver in thatlocation. The defendant and his companions were arrested and taken to the police precinct stationhouse. There, the defendant provided a written statement to the effect that he was a confidentialinformant working for an Officer Tepperman, that he had obtained the gun from a man namedEmmett, and that he had intended to turn over the gun to Officer Tepperman in exchange for$1,000.
The defendant contends that his conviction of criminal possession of a weapon in the seconddegree is both unsupported by legally sufficient evidence and against the weight of the evidence,in part because the possession was not with the intent to use the firearm unlawfully againstanother. The defendant also contends that the verdict was against the weight of the evidenceinsofar as the jury rejected the defendant's claim of temporary and innocent possession. Thedefendant's claims are without merit.
A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree when "with intentto use the same unlawfully against another, such person . . . possesses a loadedfirearm" (Penal Law § 265.03 [1] [b]). "The essence of the illegal conduct defined insections 265.01-265.05 [*2]of the Penal Law is the act ofpossessing a weapon unlawfully. The crime may be more serious because of the intent withwhich the defendant acts but unless the possession is innocent, the crime has been committed.Once the unlawful possession of the weapon is established, the possessory crime is complete andany unlawful use of the weapon is punishable as a separate crime . . . In somecircumstances, however, a person may possess an unlicensed or proscribed weapon and still notbe guilty of a crime because of the innocent nature of the possession. This defense of 'temporaryand lawful' possession applies because as a matter of policy the conduct is not deemed criminal"(People v Almodovar, 62 NY2d 126, 130 [1984]).
"[T]he possession by any person of [a loaded firearm] is presumptive evidence of. . . intent to use the same unlawfully against [another]" (Penal Law § 265.15[4]; see People v Vincent, 80 AD3d633, 634 [2011]). However, "the jury . . . [has] a choice as to whether to applythe statutory presumption" (People vSmith, 23 AD3d 415, 416 [2005]), and "[t]he presumption is rebuttable" (People vLewis, 116 AD2d 16, 19 [1986]).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People vContes, 60 NY2d 620 [1983]), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish thedefendant's guilt of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (see Penal Law§§ 265.03 [1] [b]; 265.15 [4]; People v Pons, 68 NY2d 264 [1986]; People v Romero, 71 AD3d 795[2010]; People v Leon, 19 AD3d509 [2005], affd 7 NY3d 109 [2006]). The evidence that the defendant possessed aloaded firearm, together with the statutory presumption that possession of a weapon indicated anintent to use the same unlawfully against another, was legally sufficient to support the conviction.
In fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of theevidence (see CPL 470.15 [5]; People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342 [2007]), we nevertheless accordgreat deference to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony, and observedemeanor (see People v Mateo, 2 NY3d 383, 410 [2004], cert denied 542 US 946[2004]; People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]). Upon reviewing the record here,we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt with respect to the conviction of criminal possession of aweapon in the second degree was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero, 7 NY3d 633[2006]). Contrary to the defendant's contention, the jury was warranted in concluding that histestimony that he had spoken with the police about working with them as a confidentialinformant and that he thought he was acting in that capacity when he possessed the gun did notrebut the presumption that he possessed the loaded firearm with the intent to use it unlawfullyagainst another person (see Penal Law § 265.15 [4]; People v Vincent, 80AD3d at 634-635; People vJohnson, 46 AD3d 838 [2007]; People v Porter, 144 AD2d 598 [1988]).
The defendant's contentions regarding remarks made by the prosecutor during her summationare without merit (see People vMaxwell, 89 AD3d 1106, 1107 [2011]; People v Smalls, 65 AD3d 708, 708 [2009]).
The defendant's contention regarding the court's Sandoval ruling (see People vSandoval, 34 NY2d 371 [1974]) does not require reversal. Florio, J.P., Balkin, Chambersand Cohen, JJ., concur.