| People v Jones |
| 2018 NY Slip Op 03396 [161 AD3d 1311] |
| May 10, 2018 |
| Appellate Division, Third Department |
[*1]
| The People of the State of New York,Respondent, v Robert Anthony Jones, Appellant. |
Mitchell S. Kessler, Cohoes, for appellant.
Kristy L. Sprague, District Attorney, Elizabethtown (Jamie E. Martineau of counsel), forrespondent.
Clark, J. Appeal, by permission, from an order of the County Court of Essex County (Meyer,J.), entered August 29, 2016, which partially denied defendant's motion pursuant to CPL 440.10and 440.20 to vacate the judgment convicting him of the crimes of murder in the second degree,kidnapping in the first degree and rape in the first degree and to set aside the sentence, without ahearing.
On December 30, 1993, defendant was convicted of the federal crimes of bank robbery (fourcounts), interstate transport of firearms and use of a firearm during a crime of violence and wassentenced to serve 181 months in federal prison. The following week, in accordance withdefendant's instructions, the attorneys who represented defendant on the federal chargescontacted the Essex County District Attorney and indicated that defendant—who at thattime remained unnamed—could provide information regarding a June 1987 unsolveddisappearance of a 16-year-old girl (hereinafter the victim). Following extensive discussion andnegotiation, defendant entered into and signed a written plea agreement in which he agreed toplead guilty to murder in the second degree, kidnapping in the first degree and rape in the firstdegree in exchange for a maximum aggregate sentence of 18 years to life in prison. Defendantfurther agreed to be interviewed by the police, during which time he would fully explain thecircumstances of the victim's disappearance, acknowledge criminal responsibility for her death,identify the location of her remains and assist the authorities in recovering those remains.Defendant further agreed to execute a sworn statement setting forth all relevant facts resultingfrom this police interview. Defendant signed the written plea agreement and acknowledged,before a notary public, that he had read and executed the agreement after being advised by [*2]counsel, and that he had entered into it "freely, voluntarily, and of[his] own accord."
In accordance with the plea agreement, defendant was interviewed—in the presence ofcounsel—by the State Police, at the start of which he acknowledged, among other rights,his right to remain silent and to stop the interview at any time. Defendant then proceeded todescribe, with excruciating detail, his crimes against the victim and the location of her body. Theinterview was transcribed and defendant thereafter swore before a notary public that he had readthe transcription of the interview and that the information he had given was "all true to the best of[his] knowledge and belief." Defendant was subsequently indicted and arraigned on the chargesof murder in the second degree, kidnapping in the first degree and rape in the first degree and hepleaded guilty to those charges. Although not included in the written plea agreement, defendantalso waived his right to appeal. Thereafter, as contemplated by the plea agreement, defendant wassentenced to an aggregate prison term of 18 years to life.
More than 20 years later, after his application for parole was denied, defendant moved,pursuant to CPL 440.10 and 440.20, to vacate the judgment of conviction and to set aside hissentence, primarily asserting ineffective assistance of counsel. County Court partially denied themotion without a hearing, finding that defendant's allegations of ineffective assistance of counselwere procedurally barred by CPL 440.10 (2) (c) because they could have been raised on directappeal from the judgment of conviction, had he taken one, and that, in any event, his contentionslacked merit.[FN1] Withpermission of this Court, defendant now appeals.
Initially, we disagree with County Court that defendant's allegations of ineffective assistanceof counsel were procedurally barred under CPL 440.10 (2) (c). Under that provision, a motion tovacate a judgment of conviction must be denied when the trial record contains sufficient factsthat would have allowed for "adequate review of the ground or issue raised . . . ,[but] no such appellate review or determination occurred owing to the defendant's. . . unjustifiable failure to raise such ground or issue upon an appeal actuallyperfected" (CPL 440.10 [2] [c]). Here, defendant bases his claim of ineffective assistance ofcounsel on, among other things, his attorney's failure to (1) make a motion to suppress hisconfession as having been procured through coercive police tactics, including threats to his wifeand father, and in violation of his right to counsel, (2) challenge his arrest as unsupported byprobable cause and (3) attack the facts underlying his convictions, including the corroboratingevidence supporting his allegedly coerced confession. Defendant also asserts that his attorneyimproperly advised him to reject a more favorable plea deal that allegedly offered him a shorteraggregate prison term of 20 years. Because a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel"constitutes a single, unified claim that must be assessed in totality" and defendant's allegationsare grounded upon matters appearing both on the record and outside the record, CPL 440.10 (2)(c) does not operate to bar defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel (People v Taylor, 156 AD3d 86,91-92 [2017], lv denied 30 NY3d 1120 [2018]; see People v Maxwell, 89 AD3d 1108, 1109 [2011]; see generally People v Evans, 16 NY3d571, 575 n 2 [2011], cert denied 565 US 912 [2011]).
Nevertheless, defendant was not entitled to a hearing on his motion. It is not necessary toconduct a hearing on every motion made pursuant to CPL 440.10 and, indeed, a hearing is notrequired when the motion can be resolved on the motion submissions and the record (seePeople [*3]v Satterfield, 66 NY2d 796, 799 [1985]; People v Pabon, 157 AD3d 1057,1058 [2018], lv denied 31 NY3d 986 [2018]; People v LaPierre, 108 AD3d 945, 946 [2013]). "To demonstratethe existence of questions of fact requiring a hearing, [a] defendant [is] obliged to show 'that thenonrecord facts sought to be established are material and would entitle him [or her] torelief' " (People v LaPierre, 108 AD3d at 946, quoting People vSatterfield, 66 NY2d at 799; seePeople v Brandon, 133 AD3d 901, 903 [2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 992[2016]).
Significantly, "[a] defendant is not denied effective assistance of trial counsel merely becausecounsel does not make a motion or argument that has little or no chance of success" (People v Stultz, 2 NY3d 277, 287[2004]; see People v Brandon, 133 AD3d at 903; People v Trombley, 91 AD3d 1197, 1203 [2012], lv denied21 NY3d 914 [2013]). The record belies defendant's assertion—supported solely by hisown self-serving affidavit (see People vLewis, 138 AD3d 1346, 1348 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 1073 [2016];People v Brandon, 133 AD3d at 904)—that his confession was coerced and/orobtained in violation of his right to counsel and, thus, should have been challenged by way of asuppression motion. The record establishes that defendant's own actions precipitated his arrest,prosecution and the resulting plea agreement, as the authorities did not have any "leads or. . . reasonable prospects for the development of any leads" until defendant directedthe attorneys who represented him on the federal charges to approach the Essex County DistrictAttorney with information regarding the victim's disappearance.[FN2] Additionally, the written plea agreement, sworntranscript of defendant's police interview and the plea colloquy all demonstrate that defendantwas aware of his right to remain silent and that his statements to the police regarding his crimesagainst the victim were voluntarily given in contemplation of securing a favorable plea deal forhimself and for his wife—who was facing federal charges for her involvement in the bankrobberies. Moreover, during the plea colloquy, defendant swore that his confession had not beenobtained illegally or involuntarily, that he was pleading guilty of his "own free will" and thatneither he nor any member of his family had been "threatened or abused in any way" in order toinduce his confession. Under these circumstances, trial counsel cannot be faulted for failing tomake a motion to suppress defendant's confession (see People v Lewis, 138 AD3d at1348-1349; People v Vonneida, 130AD3d 1322, 1322-1323 [2015], lv denied 26 NY3d 1093 [2015]). For similarreasons, counsel was not ineffective for failing to challenge defendant's arrest as unsupported byprobable cause (see People v Baez,24 AD3d 112, 115-116 [2005], lv denied 6 NY3d 809 [2006]).
In addition, defense counsel's representation was not deficient when he did not challengedefendant's confession as uncorroborated (see CPL 60.50). Contrary to defendant'scontention, any such challenge would have likely been futile, as his confession was sufficientlycorroborated by the recovery of the victim's remains at the particular burial location described bydefendant, not far from his family's cabin (see People v Mulgrave, 163 AD2d 538, 539[1990], lv denied 76 NY2d 989 [1990]). Finally, given the crimes to which defendantpleaded guilty, County Court could not have lawfully imposed the alleged plea offer of a 20-yeardeterminate prison sentence that defense counsel supposedly advised defendant to reject(see Penal Law § 70.00 [1]). Defendant's remaining contentions areconclusory in nature, unsupported by his motion submissions or, to some extent, contradicted bythe record (see People v Pabon, 157 AD3d at 1058). In short, considering his guilty plea,the circumstances leading up to that plea and the fact that defense counsel negotiated a favorableplea bargain, defendant failed to demonstrate that the factual allegations of ineffective assistanceof counsel raised in his affidavit, [*4]if true, would entitle him torelief (see People v Oddy, 144AD3d 1322, 1324 [2016], lv denied 29 NY3d 1131 [2017]; People v Decker, 139 AD3d 1113,1117 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 928 [2016]; People v St. John, 163 AD2d 687,688 [1990], lv denied 76 NY2d 944 [1990]). Accordingly, defendant was not entitled to ahearing, and County Court properly denied his motion (see People v Lewis, 138 AD3d at1349; People v Baptiste, 306 AD2d 562, 570 [2003], lv denied 1 NY3d 594[2004]).
Garry, P.J., McCarthy, Lynch and Pritzker, JJ., concur. Ordered that the order isaffirmed.
Footnote 1:County Court did, however,grant that aspect of defendant's motion seeking to vacate his adjudication as a second felonyoffender and to correct his sentence for rape in the first degree to reflect such vacatur.
Footnote 2:At defendant's parole hearing, hestated that his counsel had repeatedly advised him against coming forward with information.