| People v Criss |
| 2017 NY Slip Op 04916 [151 AD3d 1275] |
| June 15, 2017 |
| Appellate Division, Third Department |
[*1]
| The People of the State of New York,Respondent, v Isaiah T. Criss, Appellant. |
Michael P. Graven, Owego, for appellant, and appellant pro se.
Stephen K. Cornwell Jr., District Attorney, Binghamton (Peter N. DeLucia of counsel), forrespondent.
Lynch, J. Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Broome County (Smith, J.),rendered May 22, 2014, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of murder in thesecond degree and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree.
On September 8, 2012, Jeremiah Reynolds (hereinafter the victim) was shot in the abdomenat The Rock B Tavern, a bar in the City of Binghamton, Broome County. After he was shot, thevictim ran from the bar, was found lying in a nearby yard and taken by ambulance to the hospitalwhere he later died. The next day, Robert Camber Jr. was arrested for the victim's murder, butcharges were later dropped when investigators learned that it was defendant who shot the victim.On January 25, 2013, defendant was charged by indictment with murder in the second degree,criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree and criminal possession of a weapon in thethird degree. Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of the first two counts. CountyCourt thereafter denied defendant's CPL 330.30 motion to set aside the verdict based on, amongother things, juror misconduct and the court's determination to allow a witness to testify aboutthreats made by defendant's mother. The court sentenced defendant to concurrent prison terms of25 years to life for his conviction of murder in the second degree and 15 years, followed by fiveyears of postrelease supervision, for his conviction of criminal possession of a weapon in thesecond degree. Defendant now appeals.
[*2] Initially, we reject defendant's argument that County Court improperly denied his pretrial requestfor a Rodriguez/Wade hearing. The People did not provide notice that it intended toprovide identification testimony (see CPL 710.30) and defendant requested aWade hearing in his pretrial omnibus motion. The court allowed the People to presentidentification testimony, but cautioned that, if an identification procedure were used, thendefendant could seek to preclude the testimony. In our view, the photographic identificationprocedures used here were not subject to the notice provisions of CPL 710.30 because defendantwas known to the witnesses and photographs were confirmatory, that is, shown to the witnessesto put a name to the face (see People vHeyliger, 126 AD3d 1117, 1120 [2015], lv denied 25 NY3d 1165 [2015];People v Cobian, 185 AD2d 452, 453 [1992], lv denied 81 NY2d 838 [1993];People v Cherny, 179 AD2d 938, 938-939 [1992], lv denied 79 NY2d 998[1992]). We find further that the court's pretrial Sandoval ruling was correct. Defendantsought to preclude the introduction of two prior convictions. The court ruled that if defendantchose to testify, then the People would only be permitted to question him about his 2011conviction for criminal sale of a controlled substance in the third degree. We discern no abuse ofdiscretion in the court's determination that this conviction was probative because it went "directlyto the character trait of integrity" (seePeople v Watson, 150 AD3d 1384, 1387 [2017]; People v Reid, 97 AD3d 1037, 1037-1038 [2012], lv denied19 NY3d 1104 [2012]).
Next, defendant contends that the verdict was not supported by legally sufficient evidenceand was against the weight of the evidence. Although defendant's general trial motion to dismisswas not specific enough to preserve his challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence (see People v Hawkins, 11 NY3d484, 492 [2008]), we necessarily consider the elements of the crimes charged when weweigh the evidence to determine whether each element was proved beyond a reasonable doubt(see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d342, 349 [2007]; People vBullock, 145 AD3d 1104, 1105 [2016]). This review requires us first to decide whether,"based on all the credible evidence[,] a different finding would not have been unreasonable," andthen, "like the trier of fact below, weigh the relative probative force of conflicting testimony andthe relative strength of conflicting inferences that may be drawn from the testimony" (Peoplev Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see People v Murrell, 148 AD3d1296, 1297 [2017]). When conducting a review of the weight of the evidence, we view theevidence in a neutral light and defer to the jury's credibility assessments (see People v Crooks, 129 AD3d1207, 1208 [2015], affd 27 NY3d 609 [2016]).
A defendant is guilty of murder in the second degree if the proof established " 'that[the] defendant caused the victim's death after having acted with the intent to do so' " (People v Morgan, 149 AD3d 1148,1149-1150 [2017], quoting People vWlasiuk, 136 AD3d 1101, 1102 [2016], lv denied 27 NY3d 1009 [2016];see Penal Law § 125.25 [1]). A defendant is guilty of criminal possession ofa weapon in the second degree if he or she "possesses a loaded firearm" with the intent to use itunlawfully against another person (Penal Law § 265.03 [1] [b]; see People v Bost, 139 AD3d1317, 1318 [2016]).
Kristel Slater, the victim's girlfriend, testified that approximately one week before theshooting, she and the victim were walking home when they came upon a group fighting with ayoung man that she recognized. Slater testified that, when the victim's attempt to break up thealtercation was unsuccessful, he became engaged in a fight with Rayshaun Cauthan andMustapha Wesley. Slater's sister testified that she had observed defendant, Cauthan and Wesleytogether in the past, and Angela Proctor, a bartender at The Rock B, confirmed that Cauthan anddefendant were friends. Against this historical backdrop, the People's theory was that defendantshot the victim to avenge Cauthan and Wesley's prior altercation with the victim.
[*3] The trial testimony established that the morning that thevictim was shot, defendant, Cauthan and Wesley were at The Rock B. Video footage obtainedfrom a nearby "pole camera" also showed defendant entering, leaving and reentering the bar priorto the shooting. Camber, his cousin Frank Barnett Jr., Eladio Murphy and Curtis Johnson werealso there celebrating Murphy's birthday. Hope Gaines Cole, who was also there, testified thatshe knew Camber, Barnett, Murphy and defendant, and that she recalled seeing all four at the bar.There was conflicting testimony with regard to whether these patrons were searched prior toentering and/or reentering the bar, and the bouncer testified that it was not likely that he searchedeveryone at the door.
Cole testified that, from where she was sitting in The Rock B, she could see the entryway tothe bar and the bouncer. She saw defendant leave the bar and return shortly thereafter and noticedthat when he returned, he was not searched, and she could see a gun in his hand. Defendantwalked by Cole and shot the victim, who was standing in the corner approximately eight feetaway from where she was sitting. The victim ran from the bar and defendant chased after him.Barnett testified that he was also at The Rock B and saw defendant—who he had knownfor approximately six years—walk past him and approach the victim. The two beganarguing and defendant shot the victim with what Barnett believed was a small handgun. Barnetttestified that he watched the victim run from the bar and defendant leave after him. Barnett thenwent to find Camber and the two left to try to find the victim.
James Zeggert Jr. and Shanika Maiden, friends of Barnett and Camber, testified that theywere in the parking lot when they heard a gunshot and watched as people began coming out ofthe bar. Zeggert testified that he saw the victim stagger out of the bar and run off and that therewere two men chasing after him, pushing through the crowd. Moments later, Zeggert heard asecond gunshot coming from the direction in which the three men had run. Maiden testified thatshe also heard the gun shot and saw the victim run from the bar with two men following him.Defendant was one of the two men that she saw chasing the victim from the bar. Maiden testifiedthat she saw defendant holding a small handgun and that when defendant was approximately 10feet from her car, she saw him shoot the gun toward the victim as they continued running downthe street. Maiden testified that Camber and Barnett came out of the bar after this happened,approached her car and that Camber asked her to follow him as he went in his car to find thevictim, whom he characterized as "[his] man." They circled around the block a number of timesbefore the police pulled her over for questioning.
Jacinda Collins, who lived near The Rock B, testified that she was in her upstairs bedroomwhen she heard a loud noise that sounded like a gunshot. She went to her window and observed aman lying in the neighbor's backyard and two men running away in different directions. Collinstestified that she next saw a car pull up and two men get out. Slater, Camber and Barnett alltestified that they drove together to the scene where the victim was found. Barnett and Cambertestified that Camber was on the ground with the victim trying to comfort him. Slater testifiedthat she was doing the same until the paramedics arrived. When the police arrived, theyapprehended Camber and Barnett as suspects in the shooting. Collins testified initially that shesaw two men being handcuffed but that the two men were not the same as those that she sawrunning from the scene. She later confirmed that she was not sure and that she was also not surehow many men she saw running away from the victim.
Cole and Barnett both conceded that they did not tell the police what they saw at The RockB. Cole testified that she did not disclose what she knew because "we all [were] supposed to say[that] three guys from Elmira did the shootin[g] and booked," and Barnett testified that he was"nervous about the whole situation." Maiden confirmed during her testimony that she [*4]initially gave a statement to police identifying Barnett as the shooterand, later, in another written statement, she identified Camber as the shooter. A few days later,she told the police that she had received several telephone calls from members of Camber'sfamily requesting that she provide false information to the police. During her grand jurytestimony, she testified that she did not know who shot the victim. At trial, Maiden testified thatshe lied because she was terrified of her son's father, who she believed was friends withdefendant as she had seen them together approximately seven or eight times in the past. Further,she testified that prior to her appearance at defendant's trial, she had received threats from herson's father and defendant's mother that she believed were intended to dissuade her fromtestifying.
Defendant now argues that the evidence against him was "weak" and not credible. ThePeople's evidence included two eyewitnesses who saw defendant shoot the victim with a handgunfrom close range, and, although no gun was found, a bullet was found in the victim's body. In ourview, a contrary verdict would not have been unreasonable because the jury could have agreedwith defendant's assessment of the proof and discredited the eyewitness testimony (see Peoplev Wlasiuk, 136 AD3d at 1102). Where, as here, a verdict depends on a credibilitydetermination, "[w]e accord deference to the fact-finder's opportunity to view the witnesses, hearthe testimony and observe demeanor" (People v Salce, 124 AD3d 923, 926 [2015] [internal quotationmarks and citations omitted], lv denied 25 NY3d 1207 [2015]). Here, the conflictingtestimony and credibility issues were "fully explored during cross-examination and, in the finalanalysis, posed credibility questions for the jury to resolve" (People v Wells, 141 AD3d 1013, 1023 [2016] [internal quotationmarks and citation omitted], lv denied 28 NY3d 1189 [2017]). When we give therequisite deference to the jury's credibility assessment and view the evidence in a neutral light,we find that the verdict was supported by the weight of the evidence (see People vMorgan, 149 AD3d at 1151; Peoplev Rivera, 124 AD3d 1070, 1073-1074 [2015], lv denied 26 NY3d 971[2015]).
Next, we find that County Court properly denied defendant's CPL 330.30 motion. Defendantargued that the court should have set aside the verdict because the jury panel was tainted, Maidenwas allowed to testify with regard to threats made against her and the court admonisheddefendant's supporters in the courtroom in the presence of the jury. To the extent that theseclaims were preserved for our review, we disagree. Defendant argues that the jury was taintedbecause one juror reported to at least one other juror that she had heard gunshots outside of herhome the night before and she was scared. In the presence of counsel and defendant, the courtquestioned the two jurors individually, ultimately excused one juror and then spoke to theremaining jurors in a group. Defendant's argument that each juror should have been questioned isnot preserved for our review and, otherwise, we find that the court's determination that theremaining jurors were able to serve on the jury was supported by the record (see People v Miller, 118 AD3d1127, 1129-1130 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 1086 [2014]). We are not persuaded bydefendant's argument that County Court erred by allowing Maiden to testify about threats madeby defendant's mother. "Such evidence is a factor upon which a jury can infer the defendant'sconsciousness of guilt" (People vMyrick, 31 AD3d 668, 669 [2006] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lvdenied 7 NY3d 927 [2006]; seePeople v Williams, 139 AD3d 885, 886 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 1076[2016]). In our view, there was evidence to connect defendant to the threat made by his mother,and the court properly instructed the jury that it was free to reject Maiden's testimony and to findotherwise (see People v Jones, 21NY3d 449, 456 [2013]; People v Myrick, 31 AD3d at 669).
We reject defendant's argument that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel.Defendant claims that his trial counsel was not prepared and failed to file a motion to precludeidentification testimony. "In order to sustain a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a court[*5]must consider whether defense counsel's actions at trialconstituted egregious and prejudicial error such that [the] defendant did not receive a fair trial"(People v Oathout, 21 NY3d127, 131 [2013] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]). A claim will fail "so longas the evidence, the law, and the circumstances of a particular case, viewed in totality and as ofthe time of the representation, reveal that the attorney provided meaningful representation" (People v Wright, 25 NY3d 769,779 [2015] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citations omitted]). "There can be no denial ofeffective assistance of trial counsel arising from counsel's failure to make a motion or argumentthat has little or no chance of success" (People v Caban, 5 NY3d 143, 152 [2005] [internal quotation marksand citation omitted]). Here, defense counsel gave a coherent opening statement, madeappropriate objections and effectively cross-examined each of the People's witnesses, not onlywith regard to their inconsistent statements, but also with regard to the amount of alcohol andmarihuana each consumed during the evening prior to the shooting. Based on our review of therecord as a whole, we find that defendant received meaningful representation (see People v Brandon, 133 AD3d901, 903 [2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 992 [2016]; People v Rotger, 129 AD3d 1330, 1332 [2015], lvs denied26 NY3d 1011 [2015], 27 NY3d 1005 [2016]).
Finally, defendant argues that the sentence imposed was harsh and excessive. In light of theseverity of the crime and defendant's criminal history, we discern no abuse of discretion nor anyextraordinary circumstances that would warrant a reduction of the sentence (see People v Jones, 139 AD3d1189, 1191 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 932 [2016]).
Peters, P.J., Garry, Clark and Aarons, JJ., concur. Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.